Definition of planning by different authors

January 30, 2023

Definition of planning by different authors

According to Peter Drucker, planning is the process of defining objectives, goals, and action plans for achieving these goals. (Drucker, P.F. (1999). Management Challenges for the 21st Century)

Henri Fayol defines planning as the process of determining the future course of action and the means to achieve it. (Fayol, H. (1949). General and Industrial Management)

According to George Terry, planning is the process of deciding in advance what to do, when to do it, how to do it, and who is to do it. (Terry, G. (1963). Principles of Management)

J.L. McKenney and M. Kacmar define planning as a process in which an organization sets objectives, determines courses of action, and then allocates resources to carry out the courses of action. (McKenney, J.L., & Kacmar, M. (2000). Organizational Behavior)

Stephen Robbins states that planning is the process of creating a roadmap to achieve specific goals and objectives. (Robbins, S.P. (2007). Fundamentals of Management)

According to Mary Coulter, planning is the process of developing a comprehensive strategy for the allocation of resources to achieve specific goals and objectives. (Coulter, M. (2012). Management)

Peter Drucker (Management consultant and author): "Planning is the continuous process of making present entrepreneurial decisions systematically and with the greatest knowledge of their futurity; organizing systematically the efforts needed to carry out these decisions, and then carrying them out." - Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management tasks, responsibilities, practices.

Stephen Covey (Author and speaker on leadership and management): "Planning is a process of creating an agenda for achievement." - Covey, S. R. (2004). The 7 habits of highly effective people: powerful lessons in personal change.

Henri Fayol (Founder of modern management theory): "Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it." - Fayol, H. (1916). General and Industrial Management.

John Kotter (Management consultant and author): "Planning is the process of developing strategies, tactics, and action plans to accomplish specific goals and objectives." - Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change.

Definition of planning by different authors

Michael Porter (Management consultant and author): "Planning is the process of determining the direction of an organization, including the goals and objectives to be achieved and the actions needed to get there." - Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance.

Henri Fayol (1916): Fayol defined planning as the process of deciding beforehand what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. Reference: Fayol, H. (1916). General and Industrial Management. Paris: Dunod.

Peter Drucker (1954): Drucker defined planning as the process of establishing an objective and defining the best course of action to achieve that objective. Reference: Drucker, P. (1954). The Practice of Management. New York: Harper & Row.

George Terry (1959): Terry defined planning as the process of setting goals, determining actions needed to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources necessary to carry out the actions. Reference: Terry, G. (1959). Principles of Management. New York: The Dryden Press.

Stephen Covey (1989): Covey defined planning as the process of prioritizing tasks and determining the most effective use of time and resources. Reference: Covey, S. R. (1989). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Fred Luthans (1998): Luthans defined planning as a process of developing a clear understanding of what needs to be done to achieve a specific goal or objective, and determining the necessary steps and resources required to carry out the plan. Reference: Luthans, F. (1998). Organizational Behaviour. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

John Kotter (1996): Kotter defined planning as a process of setting realistic goals, identifying strategies and resources, and developing a plan of action to achieve the goals. Reference: Kotter, J. (1996). Leading Change. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.